Cara Mendidik Anak Milenial Ala Dr. Baumrind

 

 
 

Diana Baumrind adalah seorang Psikolog asal Amerika lahir pada tanggal 23-Agustus- 1927. Beliau adalah seseorang yang ahli dalam bidang Psikolog dan Filsafat. Baumrind mendapat  gelar  doktor  dan  menjabat   sebagai   staf   psikolog   di Cowell   Memorial   Hospital di Berkeley . Namun namanya mulai dikenal karena penelitiannya tentang “Gaya Pengasuhan dan Kritiknya Terhadap Penipuan dalam Penelitian Psikologis”, terutama eksperimen kontroversial Stanley Milgram.
Baumrind setelah mendapat gelar dr.nya, dia kembali mendalami ilmunya dalam bidang psikologis terutama dalam menerapkan pola asuh terhadap anak. Menurut Baumrind terdapat 3 macam pola asuh orang tua terhadap anak, yang pertama: Demokratis, kedua: Otoriter‟ dan ketiga: Permisif‟. Baumrind menyarankan agar orang tua menggunakan salah satu dari tiga pola asuh tersebut.

Lalu Pola asuh apa saja yang dikemukakan dr. Baumrind?berikut penjelasannya!

Baumrind menyatakan ada tiga pola asuh orang tua dalam mendidik anak, yang pertama disebut pola “Demokratis” ialah dimana pola asuh ini memprioritaskan kepentingan anak, akan tetapi tidak ragu dalam mengendalikan mereka. Orang tua dengan perilaku ini bersikap rasional, selalu mendasari tindakannya pada rasio atau pemikiran-pemikirannya(Ira Petranto, 2005). Artinya pola ini menghasilkan karakteristik anak yang mandiri, dan dapat mengontrol diri, serta mempunyai minat terhadap hal-hal baru dan koperatif terhadap orang lain. Tidak menutup kemungkinan pola ini bisa membuat anak cendrung lebih aktif dan berprestasi, meskipun mereka diberikan kebebasan tapi orang tetap mengontrol mereka.

Pola asuh Kedua “Otoriter” pola ini cenderung lebih menetapkan standar yang mutlak harus diturutioleh si anak, biasanya dibarengi dengan ancaman-ancaman dari orang tua, tidak ada negosiasi antara anak dan orang tua, orang tua tipe ini cenderung memaksa, memerintah dan menghukum anak. Akhirnya mental anak sering menurun dan pasif. Pola ini akan menghasilkan karakteristik anak yang penakut, pendiam, tertutup, tidak berinisiatif, gemar menentang, suka melanggar norma, berkepribadian lemah, cemas dan menarik diri, mereka akan lebih tertutup di depan umum, dan akan sulit bersosialisasi dengan banyak orang disekitarnya. Menyendiri dari ke-ramaian adalah ketenangan mereka. 

Sedangkan pola asuh Ketiga disebutPermisif. Pola asuh ini memberikan kesempatan pada anaknya untuk melakukan sesuatu tanpa pengawasan yang cukup dari-nya. Mereka cenderung tidak menegur ataumemperingatkan si anak apabila anak sedang dalam bahaya, lebih memerikan kebebasan pada si anak tanpa ada pengawasan dari orang tua, dan sangat sedikit bimbingan yang diberikan oleh mereka, sehingga seringkali pola ini di sukai oleh anak.(Ira Petranto, 2005). Pola asuh “Permisif” ini menghasilkan karakteristik anak-anak yang manja dan kurang matang secara sosial .

Lalu bagaimana seharusnya orang tua mendidik anak di era milenial sekarang? Salah satunya yang bisa kita terapkan dengan baik menurut pembagian pola asuh anak ala dr. Baumrind adalah pola asuh “Demokratis” dimana orang tua bisa memberikan arahan yang baik bagi si anak, mengontrol dan tidak terlalu mengekang si anak, serta tidak mengunakan kekerasan diluar batas. Tidak menekan mental mereka, apalagi menghukum dan memukul anak dengan tindakan kekerasan karena akan merusak psikologis anak.

 

 

 

 (Nur Sakinah Harahap/Akidah dan Filsafat Islam/9)

539 thoughts on “Cara Mendidik Anak Milenial Ala Dr. Baumrind”

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