Pada dasarnya setiap perusahaan saling berkompetisi untuk memenangkan hati calon investor dengan menonjolkan masing-masing reputasi baiknya. Dewasa ini, penilaian perusahaan tidak hanya terbatas pada aspek finansial namun juga aspek non-finansial seperti penilaian dalam kategori Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ataupun Triple Bottom Line (TBL). Penilaian ESG ini meliputi bagaimana dampak perusahaan terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat, serta bagaimana kualitas manajemen tata kelola yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan. Sedangkan TBL meliputi penilaian Profit, People, and Planet atas suatu perusahaan.
Peningkatan Kesadaran Pelestarian Lingkungan
Seiring waktu, kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya pelestarian lingkungan kian meningkat demi menjaga keberlanjutan fungsi sumber daya alam. Menurut Survei Snapcart, 84% masyarakat Indonesia telah menggunakan produk eco-friendly dengan 38% diantaranya mengaku ingin melindungi bumi dan lingkungan, sedangkan 28% berpendapat bahwa produk eco-friendly lebih sehat. Adanya pergeseran perilaku konsumsi pada masyarakat ini juga berdampak pada manajemen perusahaan yang kini mulai berfokus pada manajemen hijau (green management) untuk mewujudkan kinerja berkelanjutan. Dalam proses operasionalnya, perusahaan mulai menerapkan penggunaan alat-alat serta penciptaan hasil produk yang ramah lingkungan. Selain itu, perusahaan juga berkontribusi dalam campaign pelestarian lingkungan sebagai wujud tanggung jawab sosialnya (CSR) untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pelestarian lingkungan.
Green Intellectual Capital
Merespon perubahan perilaku konsumsi pelanggan sekaligus memenuhi tanggung jawab perusahaan dalam pelestarian lngkungan, diperlukan strategi peningkatan daya saing melalui penerapan Green Intellectual Capital. Pemikiran mengenai Green Intellectual Capital ini pertama kali diusung oleh Chen (2008) sebagai akibat dari meningkatnya tren Green Politic. Chen (2008) mengusulkan definisi Green Intellectual Capital sebagai total seluruh aset tak berwujud yang dimiliki perusahaan, pengetahuan, kemampuan, dan hubungan yang dikaitkan dengan perlindungan lingkungan dan Green Innovation baik pada tingkat individu maupun pada tingkat organisasi dari suatu perusahaan. Green Intellectual Capital memungkinkan perusahaan untuk menaati peraturan lingkungan internasional yang ketat dan memenuhi peningkatan kesadaran lingkungan oleh konsumen, serta menciptakan nilai untuk perusahaan. Klasifikasi dari Green Intellectual Capital meliputi Green Human Capital, Green Structural Capital dan Green Relational Capital (Ramadhani, 2021).
Implikasi GIC Terhadap ESG dan Triple Bottom Line
Dalam penerapannya, semakin baik GIC suatu perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan mampu bersaing dengan kompetitornya dengan mengandalkan pengetahuan, mampu mengelola sumber daya manusianya, serta mampu mengelola internal perusahaannya dengan baik (Gracia & Ika, 2018). Dengan adanya pengelolaan human capital yang memahami konsep green business, didukung oleh struktur organisasi yang mendukung dan hubungan yang baik dengan pemangku kepentingan, berpotensi menciptakan produk atau jasa ramah lingkungan. Penerapan GIC ini juga berdampak pada aspek finansial karena dengan adanya penerapan GIC melalui praktik green management ini maka akan menghemat biaya operasional, meningkatkan efisiensi sumber daya, dan reputasi perusahaan. Dengan demikian, semakin baik penerapan GIC pada suatu perusahaan maka akan semakin baik pula skor ESG dan TBL pada perusahaan tersebut.
Implikasi Terhadap Investasi Berkelanjutan
Investasi Berkelanjutan merupakan salah satu bentuk konkret dimana pemerintah berperan dalam mendorong masyarakat untuk turut serta dalam upaya pelestarian lingkungan. Dalam praktik investasi berkelanjutan, investor mempertimbangkan skor ESG yang merupakan gambaran reputasi perusahaan sebagai acuan, sambil berperan sebagai agen perubahan positif yang menciptakan nilai jangka panjang bagi lingkungan, masyarakat, dan keuangan secara bersamaan. Dengan demikian, semakin tinggi skor ESG dan TBL menunjukkan bahwa reputasi perusahaan tersebut baik yang kemudian akan menarik calon investor untuk berinvestasi.
Kesimpulan
Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) menjadi strategi kunci perusahaan untuk membangun reputasi kompetitif di era bisnis berkelanjutan. Dengan mengoptimalkan aspek lingkungan (ESG dan TBL) melalui green human, structural, dan relational capital, perusahaan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi, mendorong inovasi hijau, sekaligus menarik minat investor. Implementasi GIC yang tepat tidak hanya menciptakan diferensiasi reputasi, tetap juga memberikan keunggulan bisnis berkelanjutan dalam jangka panjang.
Referensi
Agnes Z. Yonatan. 2024. Meningkat, 84% Warga Indonesia Sudah Gunakan Produk Eco-Friendly. GoodStats.
Aryoso, H., & Santi, F. . (2023). Milenial Dan Investasi Berkelanjutan: Menghindari Jebakan Greenwashing. Jurnal Manajemen Terapan Dan Keuangan, 12(04), 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.22437/jmk.v12i04.29988
Lestari, M. (2023). Pengaruh Green Accounting, Green Intellectual Capital Dan Pengungkapan Corporate Responsibility Social Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(2), 2955-2968. https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v3i2.17879
Maulana, I. (2024). Intellectual Capital Memoderasi Hubungan Green Investment Dan Green Strategic Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. PESHUM: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Humaniora, 4(1), 1149-1163. https://doi.org/10.56799/peshum.v4i1.7034
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