Apa itu moderasi beragama?
Moderasi beragama adalah cara pandang kita dalam beragama secara moderat, yaitu pendekatan yang menekankan pada pemahaman ajaran agama yang seimbang, rasional, dan toleran. Moderasi beragama menjadi konsep yang sangat penting dalam menjaga keharmonisan dan kedamaian dalam masyarakat beragam. Ekstremisme, radikalisme, ujaran kebencian (hate speech), hingga retaknya hubungan antarumat beragama, merupakan problematika yang dihadapi oleh bangsa indonesia saat ini. Membahas sikap moderasi beragama ini tertuang dalam salah satu ayat al-Qur’an, QS. al-Baqarah ayat 143:
وَكَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰكُمْ اُمَّةً وَّسَطًا لِّتَكُوْنُوْا شُهَدَاۤءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكُوْنَ الرَّسُوْلُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيْدًاۗ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِيْ كُنْتَ عَلَيْهَآ اِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَّتَّبِعُ الرَّسُوْلَ مِمَّنْ يَّنْقَلِبُ عَلٰى عَقِبَيْهِۗ وَاِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَبِيْرَةً اِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِيْنَ هَدَى اللّٰهُۗ وَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيْعَ اِيْمَانَكُمْۗ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَءُوْفٌ رَّحِيْمٌ
“Demikian pula Kami telah menjadikan kamu (umat islam) umat pertengahan agar kamu menjadi saksi atas (perbuatan) manusia dan agar Rasul (nabi Muhammad) menjadi saksi atas (perbuatan) kamu. Kami tidak menetapkan kiblat (Baitulmaqdis) yang (dahulu) kamu berkiblat kepadanya, kecuali agar Kami mengetahui ( dalam kenyataan) siapa yang telah diberi petunjuk oleh Allah. Allah tidak akan menyia-nyiakan imanmu. Sesungguhnya Allah benar-benar Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang kepada manusia.”
Ayat di atas sangat relevan dengan judul “Moderasi Beragama”, yang menjadi pokok bahasan kali ini. Ayat tersebut menegaskan umat Islam sebagai ’ummatan wasathiyah’, artinya umat yang adil dan moderat. Menurut tafsir Ibnu Katsir, kata “wasath” berarti pilihan terbaik, adil, dan tidak melampaui batas.
Radikalisme dan ekstremisme sering dikaitkan dengan pemahaman agama yang sempit dan intoleran. Radikalisme biasanya dianggap terkait dengan kelompok yang meyakini kebenaran hanya berada pada diri mereka, dan sering terlibat dalam tindakan kekerasan, seperti serangan fisik terhadap kelompok lain. Sementara itu, ekstremisme dalam konteks agama sering muncul dari interpretasi yang keras dan dogmatis, yang meyakini hanya satu pemahaman agama yang benar, sementara pemahaman lain dianggap sesat atau tidak sah.
Dengan ini, tujuan dibalik fungsi moderasi beragama dalam budaya Indonesia adalah untuk menggagalkan munculnya karakter ekstremis dan radikalis.
Pertama, untuk menjaga keamanan dan perdamaian beragama, moderasi beragama dapat membantu kita memahami, menjaga perdamaian dan kemanan. Kedua, untuk menjaga pengembangan kemampuan literasi wawasan kebangsaan Indonesia, mulai dari sejarah bangsa serta kesadaran akan sikap toleransi beragama, dapat membantu tercapainya moderasi beragama. Yang ketiga adalah mencegah radikalisme pada setiap orang dengan menciptakan lingkungan pertemanan, komunitas, dan pendidikan yang dapat mengubah persepsi kita tentang toleransi beragama, maka dapat mengubah peprsepsi kita atntang toleransi beragama. Keempat, memupuk budaya-budaya daerah yang terdapat di seluruh kota, pedesaan, dan daerah-daerah di Indonesia.
Maka, cara memperlakukan pesan penting moderasi beragama ini diperlukan beberapa strategi untuk menangkal radikalisme dan ekstremisme. 1) meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat dengan pendidikan agama yang seimbang, dalam memahami ajaran agama dengan lebih baik dan tidak terjebak dalam interpretasi yang ekstrim. 2) mainstreaming moderasi beragama melalui dialog antar agama, dengan ini dapat membantu menigkatkan pemahaman dan toleransi antara individu dari latar belakang agama yang berbeda. 3) penguatan nilai-nilai universal seperti kadilan, kesetaraan, dan kemanusiaan yang dapat membantu individu memehami bahwa agama tidak hanya tentang ritual dan dogma, tetapi juga tentang nilai-nilai yang universal.
Dalam membangun kerukunan, lebih didasarkan pada kesadaran doktrinal dan kultural. Doktrin setiap agama mengajarkan nilai-nilai toleransi, dan semua pihak memiliki keinginan yang sama untuk hidup damai. Esensi inilah yang diinginkan oleh moderasi beragama, karena beragama secara moderat telah menjadi karakteristik umat beragama di Indonesia dan lebih cocok untuk masyarakat kita yang majemuk.
Beragama secara moderat adalah model beragama yang telah lama dipraktikkan dan tetap diperlukan pada era sekarang. Oleh karena itu, Moderasi beragama harus menjadi prioritas dalam upaya membangun masyaratakat yang lebih damai dan harmonis.
Referensi
Nabila, J. (2024, September). Moderasi Beragama sebagai Upaya Mencegah Ekstremisme dan Radikalisme di Indonesia. hijratunaa. Retrieved from https://hijratunaa.com
Romadanyl. (2019, November). Bagaimana Menangkal Radikalisme? Ini Penjelasan Menag. Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. Retrieved from https://kemenag.go.id
Sasqia Mingkamanad, A. P. (n.d.). Tantangan Terhadap Radikalisme dan Ekstremisme serta Upaya. Esa Unggul, 2-3. Retrieved from https://digilib.esaunggul.ac.id/public/UEU-Article-37174-5_1102.pdf
Tohor, T. (2019, September). Pentingnya Moderasi Beragama. Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. Retrieved from https://kemenag.go.id/opini/pentingnya-moderasi-beragama-kyiu8v
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